Existing studies have shown that circRNAs play a very important role in several human diseases, including tumors ( Lu et al., 2017 Zhang et al., 2018), neurologic diseases ( Kumar et al., 2017 Salta and De Strooper, 2017), immune diseases ( Li et al., 2016 Iparraguirre et al., 2017), and cardiovascular diseases ( Vausort et al., 2016 Wang et al., 2016), and accumulate during aging ( Westholm et al., 2014 Cortes-Lopez et al., 2018). Thousands of human circRNAs were recently identified using molecular biology strategies coupled with new bioinformatics approaches. Mounting evidence suggests that different types of non-coding RNA, including microRNAs (miRNAs) and circRNAs, are key players in the regulation of β cell function and diabetes ( Latreille et al., 2014 Wong et al., 2018).ĬircRNAs are a new class of non-coding RNAs that differ from traditional linear RNAs. The main pathophysiologic change in diabetics is β cell dysfunction and failure, which is closely related to the expression of encoded proteins and non-coding transcript changes. A complete cure for diabetes and its complications has not yet been found because of complicated pathogenesis, which means that patients need to receive treatment for the rest of their lives.Īlthough great efforts have been made to reveal the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications, its exact mechanisms remain largely unclear. These cause a high rate of disability and mortality, and represent a heavy economic burden on society and families. Poor glycemic control, late diagnosis of diabetes, and alterations of inflammatory cytokines are key pathologic processes that cause impaired cellular and organ functions, contributing to a series of chronic complications that include diabetic retinopathy (DR), diabetic nephropathy (DN), diabetic neuropathy (DNP), diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) and hyperglycemia- related endothelial dysfunction and wound healing. Diabetes can be classified into the following general categories: type 1 diabetes (T1D), type 2 diabetes (T2D), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and diabetes due to other causes ( American Diabetes Association, 2020). It is responsible for 6.7 million deaths and has become a major global public health problem. This represented 9.8% of the world’s population in this age group ( International Diabetes Federation, 2019). It is spiraling out of control and 537 million adults aged 20–79 years are living with diabetes around the world in 2021 according to the International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas 10th edition. Here we comprehensively review and discuss recent advances in our understanding of the physiologic function and regulatory mechanisms of circRNAs on pancreatic islet cells, different subtypes in diabetes, and diabetic complications.ĭiabetes is a major disease that threatens global health. In addition, many circRNA signaling pathways have been found to regulate the occurrence and development of diabetes. These circRNAs not only serve as promising diagnostic and prognostic molecular biomarkers, but also have important biological roles in islet cells, diabetes, and its complications. There has been an increased focus on the relevance of between abnormal circRNA expression and the development and progression of various types of diabetes and diabetes-related diseases. Studies have found that circRNAs are involved in the physiologic and pathologic processes of diabetes. Accumulating evidence points that circRNAs play an important role in the cellular processes, inflammatory expression, and immune responses through sponging miRNA, binding, or translating in proteins. National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, ChinaĪ novel class of non-coding RNA transcripts called circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been the subject of significant recent studies. ![]() Wenfeng Yin † Ziwei Zhang † Zilin Xiao Xia Li Shuoming Luo* Zhiguang Zhou
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